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In
september 1996 I was in Egypt for two weeks. A beautiful country that stole
my heart. Why? Because the Egyptian culture is one of the biggest of the
ancient world. Everybody always thinks about the pyramids and the great
sphinx at Giza, the colossal temples in Abu Simbel, Luxor or Karnak or
the treasures that were found in the dry sand of Thebe. For me Egypt means
more than just that.
The pyramids still are a mystery. What about the shafts and their coherence with Orion? The French engineer Bauval discovered that the place of the pyramids has a relationship with the stars and that the Nile flows on exact the same place as the Milky Way. The biggest pyramids of Giza are situated like the stars of Orion. The pyramids of Cheops, Chefren and Mykerinus are under the three stars of Orion. After an accurate determination of the starry sky at the time the pyramid of Cheops was built, he discovered that the Northern shaft of the king's room was directed to Thuban, the polar star of that time. The Southern shaft was directed to Zeta Orionis, the Southern star of Orion. The shafts of the queen's room were directed to the constellation Little Bear and to the star Sirius.
From the hieroglyphics in the pyramids that were built later, we know that Orion is equal to Osiris. Sirius was the star of Isis, the wife and sister of Osiris. Osiris was the first king of Egypt. His brother Seth killed him and cut his body in thousand pieces that he spreaded all over Egypt. Isis collected the pieces and mummified them. She put new live into the dead body of Osiris and made love to him. So she became pregnant of her son Horus. The young Horus took revenge on his uncle Seth and died him. Horus became the second king of Egypt and put new life into his father Osiris. Osiris climbed up to the star sky and became the constellation Orion. From that time on he was the king of the realm of the dead.
So Osiris and Horus were the first kings of Egypt. Were the later kings a cycle of of re-birth of Osiris and Horus? According to Bauval in the pyramid of Cheops the rituel of impregnation and re-birth was put on stage. Therefore the mummified pharao was brought to the queens room. There they put him before the shaft that was directed to Sirius. In this way the dead king could impregnate Isis via a rituel that was done by his son, the new king of Egypt. The time of the rituel was set by the stars. Because on the moment that the Northern shaft of the queens room is directed to Little Bear, Orion rises on the horizon. After this rituel the mummie was carried to the kings room. There they put him before the shaft that is directed to Orion. Pyramid texts say to the mummie of the pharao: "Life and be young next to your father Osiris, beneath Orion on the sky" and "See, the king arises as this star that is on the sky."
When Robert Bauval is right, a great part of the Egyptian history has to be written again. Because the ancient Egyptian than maybe hadn't a sun cult, but a religion based on the stars. But is Bauval right? He answers almost every question. He explains the position of the pyramids, their function and the function of the shafts in the pyramid of Cheops.
Why started the Egyption culture so suddenly and where did it come from? Was it Central Africa or the later called Fruitful Half Moon? A lot of scientists think that the first kings came from This, near Abydos in Middle-Egypt. But whatever their origin has been, they sure had the power to form the first dynasties. But what their political and economical circumstances were, their state of technology... nobody knows for sure.
Who
was the first king during the 0e dynasty? It can be the person called Scorpion
but also Narmer. They ruled Egypt between 3150 b.C. and 3050 b.C. Hor-Aha
(1st dynasty) founded the capital Memphis. A city that became one the biggest
cities of the ancient world. This place was undoubtedly choosen because
of its geograpical positional and therefore its political importance.
The Old Realm is
from 2686 b.C. untill 2181 b.C. The Egyptian culture evoluated. The kingship
changed. The goddishness of the function got more emphasis. People looked
at the king as an incarnation of Horus and a son of the sun god Ra. Architecture,
technology, hieroglyphics en art objects got to new heights. We can see
that clear in the pyramids that were built in this time. 
First
Djoser's step pyramid (3rd dynasty) in Saqqara. This pyramid was designed
by Imhotep. He was not only an architect but also a writer, councillor,
doctor, priest and astronomer. The famous pyramid of Cheops in Giza and
the sphinx were built in the 4th dynasty. Nobody knows how the pyramids
were built. There are some theories but they all don't make sense. But...
how did it happen? How did they build the pyramids?
The pharaos of the New Realm (1570 v.C. tot 1070 v.C.) lived like God on earth. They builded immense temples. In that time some women also were emancipated. Queen Hatsjepsoet for instance. This woman knew how to play the political games. She was very ambitious. She wanted to be the first female king of Egypt. And that is what she became. The first female king of Egypt. She built a temple in Deir al-Bahari (devided on Amon, Hathor en Anoebis). Her tomb we find in the Valley of the Kings. Toetanchamon also was king of Egypt in the 18th dynasty. From 1334 b.C. untill 1325 b.C. The treasures that were found in his tomb are exhibited in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. About his death we don't know very much. Was he killed? A new investigation maybe brings something in the open about the mysterieus circumstances in which Toetanchamon was killed. The Brittish Magazine MAG, Musea and Galleries, pulished in May 1997 the results of a research of a medical expert and a former detective of Scotland Yard. They concluded that Toetanchamon was killed in a political intrige. The retired neuro-radiologist professor Ian Isherwood discovered during his research on the X-rays from the skull of Toetanchamon that he had a little indented fracture at the back of the skull. Isherwood says that this injury probably is the result of a slam that was inflicted to him when he was alive. He also says that this fact alone is not enough prove for murder. That is why the motive is so important, so says the British newspaper Independent. According to Graham Melvin, former working at the recherche department fo the Metropolian Police, there are two suspects: The vizier of the king, Ay, and the commandor-in-chief of the army, Horemheb. After the death of Toetanchamon Ay took his place and married to the widowe of the pharao. Ay was old, so all Horemheb had to do was waiting. After Ay died Horemheb got the power and destroyed the monuments of Toetanchamon. Even his name was deleted from the list of the kings.
The treasures that were found in the tombe of Toetanchamon were very big. He was lying in a golden coffin and he was surrounded by gold. The sarcofage, the mask and all the other treasures are on the second floor of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (I can recommend a visit to the Museum!).
At the beginning of 1998 some new discoveries of the live of Toetanchamon came in the open. Some French archeologists, under the leadership of Alain Zivie, discovered the tomb of Maya, the nanny of the pharao. Her tomb was found twenty meters under the ground in Saqqara. Her tomb has three rooms. Two of these rooms are already revealed. With the revelation of the third one, which is covered by big stones, they will start springtime 1998. Fascinating in the rooms that are already revealed is an illustration of a beautiful woman with a young pharao on her lap. The inscriptions tell us that she was the royal nanny who breast feeded the pharao.
The 19th dynasty started with Ramses I. He reigned just for two years over Egypt. To short to be of any importance to the ancient history. Ramses II, also called Ramses the Greatest, was of major importance. No other pharao has built so much temples, statues and obelisks as he did. He also has put his name on many monuments and statues of other kings. He expanded the temples of Luxor and Karnak and builded his own temple in Abydos. On the west bank of the Nile near Thebe he builded a very big temple, the Ramesses. But... the two temples of Abu Simbel were realy masterpieces.
The big temple has four eightteen meter high statues of the king, sitting. This temple is a miracle of science. Before the high dam of Aswan was opened this temple was situated so that the sun was shining in the most holy part of the temple on 22 february and 22 october. Three of the four godesses were enlightened. Ptah wasn't because he is related to the underworld.
This temple would have been in the Nasser Lake if scientists hadn't rebuild it at another place. Lots of scientist (from USA, France, the Netherlands) worked on this project. But all their knowledge together still was not enough to rebuild the temple so that the sun could do his work on those two days. Did the ancient Egyptians have more knowledge than we have nowadays? And... we think people evoluate and become smarter and smarter. But is that true?
Two thousand years after the first king the Egyptian culture decreased. Influences from other countries became of more inportance. During the 25th dynasty even the Nubians of Upper Egypt had the power. The Perzians got the power in 343 b.C. That meant the last Egyptian pharao. Several countries dominated in Egypte after that time. First at the revolution of 1952 Egypt got in Egyptian hands again.
If you want to correct my terrible English or want to write me about Egypt, please mail me. Caroline
